激發俱同理心且投入的人民 ~~
新世代領導人必須能夠整合、引導與創新

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作者：羅伯森·沃爾克(Robertson Work)

全世界各地，人們已經逐漸甦醒，對變革充滿新的能量。「阿拉伯之春」與「佔領華爾街」運動，是近年來反映出這個現象的兩個社會運動。人們開始要求參與，領導自己的自主權與發展。跳脫企業體系、財閥當政、寡頭政治、父權體制、軍國主義的時候已經到了。人民已有能力透過自己的智慧、聲音與能量來自主。教育、醫療、司法體制、生技、住所、食物、水、衛生環境都是所有人都應有的權益與服務。當今以匱乏為本的政策必須以自給自足與分享為導向的政策取代。

各地的人民組成非政府組織與社區組織（CBO)，投入自主治理與發展。公民社會也成為政府與私人機構之外的三大自主治理體系之一。環保運動、女權運動、人權運動就是將人民的聲音凝聚，創造永續與人性化的世界。如果要讓這些公民運動更有力量，將需要創新且有效能的組織與領導能力。

我們看見世界各地的非政府單位與社區組織，開始與當地機構、企業合作，共同改善低收入戶的生活品質，協助他們改善衛生系統與廢棄物管理，提供更乾淨的飲用水、設立診所與社區學校，為貧民、弱勢族群、女性、兒童與銀髮族發聲。我們看見非政府機構為其他動物、海洋、空氣與土壤發聲。各處的人民也都對彼此的連結有所覺醒，知道自己的權益與力量，開始主導歷史的演進。

社區、國家、全球各地知識豐富且願意投入的人民，就是我們克服當下面對極大挑戰的關鍵，才能共同創造一個可以永續發展的新型、同理的文明社會。

創新的領導
領導的風格再也不能是命令與控制的方式。極權的作風不再有效，也不適合引領有智慧、創新的人民。當地與全國性的政府都有需要採用新的領導風格，賦予人民力量，讓他們參與自治與發展。當今這個危機時代需要的領導者，必須能夠整合、引導、且具創意。

傳統的變革過程都僅專注於制度上的安排、政策與系統。群族外的領導者很重要，但是僅有這樣是不夠的。改變必須來自於文化本身 – 群族內 – 要改變集體的價值觀與常規，要透過激勵性、轉化性的故事、儀式與符號來改變。個人的價值觀與行為必須改變，改變他們的心態與觀點，並改變關係、人際關係的行為模式。這就是整合式的領導，努力改變集體制度與文化和個人的心態與行為。除了適度的法規架構之外，我們還必須有對的人與集體的價值觀與行為，引領社會邁向更永續發展與人性化的未來。

引導式的領導者必須視自己為指引方向的人，激勵團體思考、分析、規劃，並透過參與、互動式的過程來一起有所作為。引導式的領導者向人們提問，讓他們透過有結構的方式踏上旅程，產生有效果的成果。引導大家的參與是激勵出創意與能量的關鍵，讓他們可以回應我們所面對的極大挑戰。引導是可以學習的，這種新的領導方式不需要控制結果，而是需要提供參與的模式，讓民眾可以創造出對他們最重要的政策與服務。
引導需要技巧與耐心、能夠深度聆聽的能力，還有讓人們可以開創優質自製模式、有效發展的旅程的意願。引導式的領導者具備可以引領有成效的討論、分析與解決問題工作坊、策略規劃、全系統設計過程的能力。這樣的領導者讓人們勾勒心目中對未來的願景、思考可以促進或妨礙願景的要素、以及邁向他們的願景的策略方向、並考慮阻擾與強化的因素，以及願意持續執行的行動方案與時程。

創意式的領導者是一位社會藝術家，喚醒並活化人們在感官/實體、心理/歷史、神話/象徵、一致性/精神層面的能力。創意式的領導者提供人們可以發揮創意、直覺、動力、勇氣、願景與才華的過程，讓他們可以解決問題，設計新的系統。身為社會的藝術家的領導者，幫助人民深化身心靈的能力，釋放出人類的最大潛能。創意式的領導者運用個人與集體的過程，包括面對面與網路的過程，可以激發出最佳的思考、做法、存在感。

整合式、引導式、創意式的領導者必須將挑戰化為人類永續發展的契機。可以學習和運用這些技巧的政府與非政府機構的官員，就可以成為真正的人民公僕，實踐他們被選上或被派任的承諾，服務人民。

我們也可以練習引導式、創意式、整合式的領導力，彼此分享知識，為我們彼此以及我們的組織提出建議。就如詩人萊納·瑪利亞·里爾克（Rainer Maria Rilke)所說，我們可以「活在問題中」，問自己「如果這樣呢？」，並將這視為可行。抱持希望，就能引領我們度過這危機的時期，那希望的曙光就能帶我們朝著希望走 – 一個可以永續發展的新型、同理的文明社會。
我們需要政府體制內、社會各地的 整合式、引導式、創意式的新世紀領導人 ，幫助人們度過這巨大的過渡時期。

羅伯森·沃爾克 (Robertson Work)現任教於紐約大學瓦格納公共行政學院(New York University’s Wagner Graduate School of Public Service)，是聯合國顧問，也是作者、演講者與社運工作者。本文摘錄、整理自他的著作《慈悲的文明：永續發展與正念實踐主義的迫切感 – 省思與建議 (Compassionate Civilization: The Urgency of Sustainable Development and Mindful Activism – Reflections and Recommendations》。

https://www.garrisoninstitute.org/blog/catalyzing-empathic-engaged-…

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2017 September CY Yen Foundation Newsletter
Catalyzing Empathic, Engaged Citizens
The leadership needed now must be integral, facilitative, and creative.

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By Robertson Work

Around the world, citizens are arising with new energy for transformation. The Arab Spring and the Occupy Wall Street movements were two recent manifestations of this. People are demanding that they participate and lead in their own governance and development. It is time to move beyond the control of corporatocracy, plutocracy, oligarchy, patriarchy, and militarism. Citizens are capable of governing their societies through their own intelligence, voice, and energy. Education, health care, justice, livelihood, shelter, food, water, and sanitation are universal human rights and services that can be provided for all, to all, and by all. Current policies based on scarcity must be replaced by policies of sufficiency and sharing.

Citizens everywhere have organized as NGOs and community-based organizations (CBOs) to engage in self-governance and development. Civil society as a whole is now seen clearly as one of the three governance actors, the other two being government and the private sector. The environmental movement, the women’s movement, and the human rights movement are the direct voices of citizens to create a sustainable and human world. To empower these citizen movements, new and effective institutional and leadership capacities are needed.

We see around the world NGOs and CBOs collaborating with local authorities and local businesses to improve the living environment in low-income settlements by improving sanitation systems and waste management, providing clean drinking water, starting clinics and community schools, and speaking out for the rights of the poor, minorities, women, youth, and the elderly. We see NGOs giving voice on behalf of other species, the oceans, air, and soil. People everywhere are waking up to their interconnectedness and know their rights and power to direct the course of history.

Knowledgeable, engaged citizens—of communities, nations, and the globe—are the keys to confronting the overwhelming challenges facing us and creating a new, empathic civilization of sustainable human development.

Innovative Leadership
No longer can leadership be by command-and-control. Absolute authority doesn’t work and is inappropriate for a race of intelligent, creative beings. Local and national governments are being called to a new style of leadership to empower and engage citizens in their own governance and development. The leadership needed at this time of crisis and opportunity must be integral, facilitative, and creative.

Traditionally, change processes have focused exclusively on institutional arrangements, policies, and systems. This collective-exterior leadership is critical but is not sufficient. Change must also happen within the culture itself—the collective interior—by changing collective values and norms through motivating and transformative stories, rites, and symbols. Change must happen in individual values and behavior—changing mind-sets and perspectives—as well as relational and interpersonal behavior. This is integral leadership—working to change collective institutions and culture and individual mind-sets and behavior. In addition to having the right legal frameworks in place, we must have the right individual and collective values and behaviors moving our societies toward a more sustainable and human future.

The facilitative leader sees himself as a guide who enables groups of people to think, analyze, plan, and act together through participatory, interactive processes. The facilitative leader asks questions of people that allow them to journey together in a structured manner toward productive outcomes. Facilitation of citizen participation is essential to motivate and call forth the creativity and energy of all the people to respond to the massive challenges facing us today. Facilitation can be learned as a new type of leadership that does not control outcomes but provides participatory processes that allow citizens to create the policies and services that are most important to them.
Facilitation requires skill and patience, an ability to listen deeply, and willingness to allow citizens to chart pathways of good governance and effective development. The facilitative leader has the skill to lead productive discussions, analytical and problem-solving workshops, strategic planning exercises, and whole system design processes. The facilitative leader asks people to articulate their hoped-for vision of the future; the factors that could enable or inhibit reaching that vision; and the strategic directions that would carry them toward their vision, taking into account the inhibiting and enhancing factors and the implementation action plan and timeline that they will commit to in the day-to-day.

The creative leader is a social artist who awakens and enlivens people’s capacities in the dimensions of the sensory/physical, psychological/historical, mythic/symbolic, and unitive/spiritual. The creative leader provides processes by which people can access their own creativity, intuition, motivation, courage, vision, and genius in solving problems and designing new systems. The leader as social artist enables citizens to deepen their capacities of body, mind, and spirit in order to release their full potential as human beings. The creative leader makes use of individual and group processes, both face to face and online, that stimulate the best thinking, doing, and being in others that is possible.

The integral, facilitative, and creative leaders help turn challenges into opportunities for sustainable human development. The government and NGO officials who learn and practice these skills find themselves becoming true civil servants—the servants of the people—which they have pledged to be as elected or appointed leaders.

We can practice facilitative, creative, and integral leadership as we share our knowledge with each other and make recommendations for ourselves and our organizations. As poet Rainer Maria Rilke says, we can “live the questions.” We can ask “What if?” and act as if it were possible. A sense of hope can carry us through this tumultuous time of crisis and danger, and the lure of a possible future will draw us toward it—a new, empathic civilization of sustainable human development. Innovative leaders within government and throughout our societies are needed to help humanity through this great transition.

Robertson Work teaches at NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and is a consultant to the UN, writer, speaker, and activist. He is the author of A Compassionate Civilization: The Urgency of Sustainable Development and Mindful Activism—Reflections and Recommendations, from which this article is adapted; posted on
https://www.garrisoninstitute.org/blog/catalyzing-empathic-engaged-…